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實(shí)驗(yàn):Linux下多路復(fù)用式串口操作

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    1.實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>

    通過(guò)編寫(xiě)多路復(fù)用式串口讀寫(xiě),進(jìn)一步理解多路復(fù)用函數(shù)的用法,同時(shí)更加熟練地掌握Linux設(shè)備文件的讀寫(xiě)方法。

    2.實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容

    本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)兩臺(tái)機(jī)器(宿主機(jī)和目標(biāo)板)之間的串口通信,而且每臺(tái)機(jī)器均可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和接收數(shù)據(jù)。 除了串口設(shè)備名稱(chēng)不同(宿主機(jī)上使用串口1:/dev/ttyS0,而在目標(biāo)板上使用串口2:/dev/ttyS1),兩臺(tái)機(jī)器上的程序基本相同。

    首先,程序打開(kāi)串口設(shè)備文件并進(jìn)行相關(guān)配置,調(diào)用select()函數(shù),使它等待從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入(終端)文件中的輸入數(shù)據(jù)及從串口設(shè)備的輸入數(shù)據(jù)。如果有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入文件上的數(shù)據(jù),則寫(xiě)入到串口,使對(duì)方讀取。如果有串口設(shè)備上的輸入數(shù)據(jù),則將數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入到普通文件中。

    3.實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟

    (1)畫(huà)出流程圖。圖2.6所示為程序流程圖,兩臺(tái)機(jī)器上的程序使用同樣的流程圖。


圖2.6 宿主機(jī)/目標(biāo)板程序的流程圖

    (2)編寫(xiě)代碼。編寫(xiě)宿主機(jī)和目標(biāo)板上的代碼,在這些程序中用到的open_port()和set_com_config()函數(shù)請(qǐng)參照后續(xù)章節(jié)所述,這里只列出宿主機(jī)上的代碼。

    /* com_host.c */
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include "uart_api.h"

    int main(void)
    {
        int fds[SEL_FILE_NUM], recv_fd, maxfd;
        char buff[BUFFER_SIZE];
        fd_set inset,tmp_inset;
        struct timeval tv;
        unsigned loop = 1;
        int res, real_read, i;
        /* 將從串口讀取的數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入到這個(gè)文件中 */
        if ((recv_fd = open(RECV_FILE_NAME, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY, 0644)) < 0)
        {
            perror("open");
            return 1;
        }

        fds[0] = STDIN_FILENO; /* 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入 */
        if ((fds[1] = open_port(HOST_COM_PORT)) < 0) /* 打開(kāi)串口 */
        {
            perror("open_port");
            return 1;
        }

        if (set_com_config(fds[1], 115200, 8, 'N', 1) < 0) /* 配置串口 */
        {
            perror("set_com_config");
            return 1;
        }

        FD_ZERO(&inset);
        FD_SET(fds[0], &inset);
        FD_SET(fds[1], &inset);
        maxfd = (fds[0] > fds[1])?fds[0]:fds[1];
        tv.tv_sec = TIME_DELAY;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;
        printf("Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):\n");
        while (loop && (FD_ISSET(fds[0], &inset) || FD_ISSET(fds[1], &inset)))
        {
            tmp_inset = inset;
            res = select(maxfd + 1, &tmp_inset, NULL, NULL, &tv);
            switch(res)
            {
                case -1: /* 錯(cuò)誤 */
                {
                    perror("select");
                    loop = 0;
                }
                break;

                case 0: /* 超時(shí) */
                {
                    perror("select time out");
                    loop = 0;
                }
                break;

                default:
                {
                    for (i = 0; i < SEL_FILE_NUM; i++)
                    {
                        if (FD_ISSET(fds[i], &tmp_inset))
                        {
                            memset(buff, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
                            /* 讀取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入或者串口設(shè)備文件 */
                            real_read = read(fds[i], buff, BUFFER_SIZE);
                            if ((real_read < 0) && (errno != EAGAIN))
                            {
                                loop = 0;
                            }
                            else if (!real_read)
                            {
                                close(fds[i]);
                                FD_CLR(fds[i], &inset);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                buff[real_read] = '\0';
                                if (i == 0)
                                { /* 將從終端讀取的數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入到串口 */
                                    write(fds[1], buff, strlen(buff));
                                    printf("Input some words
                                    (enter 'quit' to exit):\n");
                                }
                                else if (i == 1)
                                { /* 將從串口讀取的數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入到普通文件中 */
                                    write(recv_fd, buff, real_read);
                                }
                                if (strncmp(buff, "quit", 4) == 0)
                                { /* 如果讀取為quit則退出 */
                                    loop = 0;
                                }
                            }
                        } /* end of if FD_ISSET */
                    } /* for i */
                }
            } /* end of switch */
        } /* end of while */
        close(recv_fd);
        return 0;
    }

    (3)接下來(lái),將目標(biāo)板的串口程序交叉編譯,再將宿主機(jī)的串口程序在PC上編譯。

    (4)連接PC的串口1和開(kāi)發(fā)板的串口2,然后將目標(biāo)板串口程序下載到開(kāi)發(fā)板上,分別在兩臺(tái)機(jī)器上運(yùn)行串口程序。

    4.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

    宿主機(jī)上的運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下所示:

    $ ./com_host
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    Hello, Target!
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    I'm host program!
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    Byebye!
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    quit /* 這個(gè)輸入使雙方的程序都結(jié)束 */

    從串口讀取的數(shù)據(jù)(即目標(biāo)板中發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù))寫(xiě)入到同目錄下的recv.dat文件中。

    $ cat recv.dat
    Hello, Host!
    I'm target program!
    Byebye!

    目標(biāo)板上的運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下所示:

    $ ./com_target
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    Hello, Host!
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    I'm target program!
    Input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):
    Byebye!

    與宿主機(jī)上的代碼相同,從串口讀取的數(shù)據(jù)(即目標(biāo)板中發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù))寫(xiě)入到同目錄下的recv.dat文件中。

    $ cat recv.dat
    Hello, Target!
    I'm host program!
    Byebye!
    Quit

    請(qǐng)讀者用poll()函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)具有以上功能的代碼。

    本文選自華清遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)嵌入式培訓(xùn)教材《從實(shí)踐中學(xué)嵌入式Linux應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)》

   熱點(diǎn)鏈接:

   1、Linux下多路復(fù)用I/O接口
   2、嵌入式Linux串口應(yīng)用編程之串口讀寫(xiě)
   3、嵌入式Linux串口應(yīng)用編程之串口配置
   4、嵌入式Linux串口應(yīng)用編程基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
   5、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O操作的緩沖存儲(chǔ)類(lèi)型

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